The Lakagígar craters were formed in one of the largest mixed eruptions in recorded history (lava for the most part but also substantial amounts of volcanic ash).

Extending south from the ice cap and rising to a height of 2115 m, Öræfajökull is Iceland's highest mountain.

Since early times, Stafafell has been one of the largest estates in the area. For many years its church was the principal place of worship in the region.